Factors Affecting Firm s Foreign Exchange Risk Hedging...

Factors Affecting Firm’s Foreign Exchange Risk Hedging Policy Abstract Mostly foreign currency derivatives are used for hedging foreign exchange rate risk caused by exchange rate adverse fluctuation. This study is aimed to determine different factors that affect the foreign currency derivatives usage. Secondary data of 112 non financial firms, taken from their annual reports and balance sheet analysis issued by State Bank of Pakistan, is used for analysis for the period 2008 to 2013. Mann Whitney U test was used to check differences in characteristics of foreign currency derivatives users and non-users. Results show that users of the foreign currency were categorized as to be those firms having higher liquidity, lower growth options, larger in size, lower leverage, higher managerial ownership, lower profitability and higher foreign exposure as compared to the non users of foreign currency derivatives. Logit regression model was used to investigate different factors affecting firm’s derivatives usage for hedging its foreign exchange risk. Results of the logit model illustrate that there is significantly positive relationship between firm size, liquidity, foreign exposure and managerial ownership. The results also show that corporations with higher liquidity, larger size, and larger managerial ownership are more likely to use foreign currency derivatives usage for hedging. Further results illustrate negative significant relationship between growth opportunities, leverageShow MoreRelatedForeign Exchange Exposure And Toyota2063 Words   |  9 PagesGERALD FERNANDO LAUAN 2013059085 VICTORIA 2013059087 Foreign Exchange Exposure and Toyota Globalization has allowed the integration of national economies into the international market, giving easier access to information, goods and services through trade around the world. 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This paper reviews the traditional types of exchange rate risk faced by ï ¬ rms, namely transaction, translation and economic risks, presentsRead MoreResearch on Foreign Exchange Risk Management13065 Words   |  53 PagesResearch Paper On Foreign Exchange Risk Management Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement Of Masters of Business Administration Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 CHAPTER 1: PLANRead MoreForeign Exchange Risk Management14141 Words   |  57 PagesREVIEW 1 The survey of foreign currency risk awareness and management practices in Tanzania REVIEW OF LITERATURE Foreign exchange risk management Foreign currency exchange risk is the additional riskiness or varience of a firm’s cash flows that may be attributed to currency fluctuations (Giddy, 1977, Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2005). Normally, foreign currency risk exists in three forms; translation, transaction and economic exposures. Foreign currency risk management involves taking decisionsRead MoreHedging Currency Exposures in a Multinational Corporation26743 Words   |  107 PagesMASTER’S THESIS Financial theory offers several rationales for financial risk management. Hedging enables firms to maintain their access to internal funds as well as reduces the costs of financial distress. The theoretical framework offers, however, few tools for currency risk identification and for choosing a proper hedging instrument. This Thesis seeks to help firms manage risks better by defining the currency risk exposures of a multinational corporation, by describing their effects on theRead MoreExecutive Summary : Austral Pvt. Ltd Contracts With Import And Export Industry2528 Words   |  11 Pagesproduct in various part of globe. Dairy, fish, meat and seafood product are the product they trade with. The firm would have the greatest competitor risk in import and export business is the duplication and quality of goods. These competitors company advantage of the lower cost of expenses such as materials, Inventories and labour cost to produce the product to the same consumer market. Natural ris ks if they mentioned, then earthquakes, floods, landslides and storms were decrease consumer, delay the transportationRead MoreEnvironment For Fdi : An Ambitious Campaign1162 Words   |  5 Pageshundred smart cities in India (Kaur, J. 2016). The policies of the campaign are as follows: ï  ¶ New Initiatives: This policy strives to improve the ease of doing business in India by doing away with opaque procedures and also tries to speed up the process of implementation of protocols. The government has already implemented the availability of obtaining environmental clearances online, which would be invaluable to an energy firm (Kaur, J. 2016). ï  ¶ FDI: Out of the 25 sectors that the governmentRead MoreRunning Your Own Mnc4433 Words   |  18 PagesContents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 CHAPTER 1: COMPANY PROFILE 3 CHAPTER 2: ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRY FACTORS 5 Factors Affecting Balance of Trade between United States and Maldives 5 Import Controls in Maldives 7 CHAPTER 3: USING THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET 8 The Spot Market 8 Analysis of USD/MVR Cross Rate for the Last 1 Month, 3 Months and Last Year 9 CHAPTER 4: USE OF FORWARDS AND FUTURES MARKET 11 Analysis of Future Price Vs Spot Rate 12 CHAPTER 5: USING CURRENCY OPTIONS 13 CHAPTERRead MoreInternational Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 8th Edition Charles W. L. 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Mullah Mohammed Omar Free Essays

Mullah Mohammed Omar is one of the most influential and devoted spiritual leaders and founders of the Taliban movement in Afghanistan. Along with Osama Bin Laden and other Islamic activists, he was behind the 9/11 attacks. Currently, as he fled into hiding and remains at large, Omar is considered to be a serious threat to the USA and its allies. We will write a custom essay sample on Mullah Mohammed Omar or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is why he is among the â€Å"Most Wanted† terrorists, and American Government is ready to pay up to 10 million dollars for any true information bringing to his capture (Rewards for Justice). Born in 1959, he participated in the resistance battles against the Soviet Union army in the Afghan War and was wounded. After the collapse of Soviet regime in Afghanistan, Omar and a group of his loyal supporters (including Bin Laden) organized the Taliban movement. In 1996 this organization, led by former military commanders, took over the power in Afghanistan, making Omar the Ruler (Emir) titled â€Å"Commander of the Faithful†.   He imposed a very tough version of Islamic laws and unlimited severity upon the country. Omar expressed support of devastating attacks on the US in 2001. Like all Taliban leaders, he revealed his extremist viewpoints on the policies of the US. In his interviews right after the tragic events of September 11, he repeatedly underlined seriousness and brutality of terrorist plans: â€Å"..The real matter is the extinction of America..† (BBC). â€Å".. Everyone is afraid of America and wants to please it. But Americans will not be able to prevent such acts like the one that has just occurred [9/11]..† (The Guardian). After the attacks Omar is reported to shelter Bin Laden and his al-Qaeda activists in Afghanistan. But in the end of the year 2001 he was forced to break away from his residence in Kandahar during the military operation. Despite the fact that his current location is unknown, Mullah Omar continuously releases some politically daring or threatening statements, which are delivered by his messengers and spokesmen. Recently he is alleged to hide somewhere on Pakistan territories. Bibliography:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Interview with Mullah Omar.† BBC News. Official Web-site of BBC. 24 Aug. 2001. 03 Nov. 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1657368.stm.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MacDonell, Pat. â€Å"Mightier Than the Sword.† The Middle East 1 Feb. 2007: 75.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Mullah Omar in His Own Words.† The Guardian 26 Sept. 2001: 46.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rashid, Ahmed. â€Å"Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia.† New Heaven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Wanted. Mullah Omar.† Rewards for Justice Program. US Department of State. 03 Nov. 2007 http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/index.cfm?page=MullahOmar. How to cite Mullah Mohammed Omar, Essay examples

Construction Contracts in Context-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Read this legal briefing paper (by Fenwick Elliott) relating to relatively recent case law on contractual liquidated damages, and penalty. Write an internal company memo explaining the key legal and practical implications for construction contracts of these developments in the case law. Answer: Internal memo To, Contract team/ project control office From, Contracts Manager Subject: primary legal and practical implication of liquidated damage in construction It is a common fact that the contractor of a commercial contract will suffer irreparable loss if the project delays and the profit margin will also be affected by that. In every contractual agreement, there are certain provisions on the liquidated damage to protect the employer or the contractors to sustain loss from the project. However, it has been advised that the provision of liquidated damage has been widening by the Supreme Court and it is therefore, required to be applied after proper evaluation. While considering the scope and impact of the liquidated damage in commercial contracts or construction, the Court has made a distinction in between the liquidated damage provision and law of penalties in the light of two historical cases of Cavendish Square Holdings v MakdessiandParking Eye Limited v Beavis. It has been observed by the court that the employers are not mandatorily required to prove the actual estimated loss under the liquidated damage provision and options are still open for them to make claim for liquidated damage. However, if the liquidated damage is unable to characterize the pre-estimated loss of the employer, the contractor can challenge the provision on the basis of penalty clause[1]. The difference between the liquidated damage and penalties has been established for the first time in the case of Dunlop v Matthew Tyre Co Limited v New Garage Motor Co Limited[2]. It had been observed by the court that penalty will be imposed on the parties if any breach has been made against any contractual terms and the breach must be extravagant and unconscionable. In the case of Cavendish Square Holdings v Makdessi[3], it has been observed by the court that where the level of liquidated damage does not represent the pre-estimate loss of the employer and failed to justify the commercial credibility, it will be excluded from the provision of penalty clauses. It has further been observed by the court that in case of penalty, the nature of liquidated damage clause should be penal and unconscionable and where the clauses are primary; the breaching parties are required to pay the liquidated damage only for delay in the work. The court was of the view that liquidated damage is differen t from penalty as it is extended beyond the recovery of financial loss and the same principle has been established in Parking Eye Limited v Beavis appeal[4]. Therefore, it can be concluded that the provision of the liquidated damage should be reviewed for evaluating the claim made by the employer for the purpose to determine whether the application for claim can be challenged or not and it has a primary legal obligation. Kind Regards Dated: Signed Contracts Manager References: Cavendish Square Holdings v Makdessi [2013] EWCA Civ 1539 Dunlop v Matthew Tyre Co Limited v New Garage Motor Co Limited (1915) AC 79. Nicholson, Alex. "Too entrenched to be challenged? A commentary on the rule against contractual penalties post Cavendish v Makdessi and ParkingEye v Beavis."European Journal of Current Legal Issues22.3 (2016). Parking Eye Limited v Beavis appeal [2015] UKSC 67 Nicholson, Alex. "Too entrenched to be challenged? A commentary on the rule against contractual penalties post Cavendish v Makdessi and ParkingEye v Beavis."European Journal of Current Legal Issues22.3 (2016). (1915) AC 79. [2013] EWCA Civ 1539 [2015] UKSC 67

Rene Descartes an Example of the Topic Arts Essays by

Rene Descartes I. Introduction Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. At a time when the intellectual movements of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance had become moribund, he conceived fresh programs for philosophy and science and elaborated and defended them with great originality and brilliance. Descartes founded modern philosophical rationalism and had a profound and pervasive influence on subsequent philosophers of all schools. He was among the first to construe philosophy as providing a necessary foundation for science and rejecting the traditional contemplative ideal, to regard science as a means of acquiring mastery over nature for the benefit of mankind. In addition to being an innovator in philosophy, he was one of the creators of mathematical physics, the inventor of analytic geometry, and an important figure in the histories of optics, physiology, and other branches of science (Cottingham, 2002). Need essay sample on "Rene Descartes" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed II. Background A. Early life Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1596, in La Haye, a small town in the Tonraine district, now called La Haye-Descartes in his honor. He claimed, mistakenly, that his mother died while giving birth to him: in fact, she died while giving birth to another child about a year later. He was raised first by one of his grandmothers and then by the other until, at the age of 10, he entered the Jesuit school at La Fleche, near Le Mans, in 1614 he graduated from this school: two years later, perhaps to satisfy his father (who was an official of the Parlement of Britanny) he obtained a degree in law from University of Poitiers. Descartes family was well-to-do, and he received an income that enabled him to live in moderate comfort throughout his life. He appears to have had considerable difficulty, as a young man, in finding himself. Until he was about 30 his devotion to the philosophical and scientific interests he had developed at La Fleche was somewhat intermittent and unsystematic. Periods in which his intellectual activity was remarkably intense and productive alternated with periods in which he led a more or less dilettantish life (Cottingham, 2002). Descartes spent several years as a soldier, a customary occupation for younger sons of his social class. In 1617, he went to the Netherlands and joined the army of Maurice of Nassau. He found garrison life boring in the extreme until he met Isaac Beeckman, a mathematician and physicist who recognized Descartes talent and whom Descartes credited with having aroused him from his intellectual torpor. After serving briefly in Germany with the Duke of Bavaria in 1619, Descartes ended his military career. There is no evidence that he was ever in combat. Several years later, however, while living in Paris, he disarmed a man in swordplay over an insult to a lady (Moyal, 2001). B. First Creative Period During his stay in Germany, Descartes had maintained and intensified the intellectual momentum previously generated in him by his discussions with Beeckman. Not long after leaving the Netherlands, he made some important mathematical discoveries, and this success inspired him with ambition. His efforts to extend his achievement reached their climax in the fall of 1619, when he conceived the plan of a universal science, in which all problems susceptible to human reason could be solved and in which all philosophical and scientific truth could be unified as a single system (Kenny, 2004). The exaltation induced in him during this sustained period of strikingly creative work was followed shortly by exhaustion and self-doubt, and he suffered a brief emotional crisis. On the night of Nov. 10-11, 1619, he had three dreams that impressed him deeply. He understood the dreams as reflecting his conflicts concerning the value of his ideas and the risks involved in committing his life to them. His anxieties were apparently resolved when he interpreted the dreams to mean that his conceptions were sound and that it was his mission to create the system of thought whose possibility he believed he had discovered. Between 1619 and 1627, Descartes lived in Paris for several years and spent the rest of time traveling. He lived in Italy for about 18 months, during which period he made a pilgrimage to the shrine of the Virgin Mary at Loreto, fulfilling a vow he made following his three dreams in November 1619. For a while he joined the whirl of Parisian social life, but the role of a cavalier did not satisfy him, and he sloughed it off neatly by changing his residence without notice to his friends. He wrote very little during this period, but his reputation was growing, and he had access to the most advanced intellectual circles (Cottingham, 2002). Part of Descartes vision of universal science was a notion of the method of inquiry by which progress in philosophy and in the sciences might most reliably be made. Episodes of distracted idleness apart, he devoted himself largely to practicing the use of this method and to refining his conception of it. He was especially fascinated by the telescope, which had recently become known in France, and he worked successfully on various problems in optics that arose in the course of his efforts to design more effective telescopic lenses. Late in 1627, Descartes had a long conversation about his philosophical and scientific program with Pierre Cardinal de Berulle, a leading figure in the Roman Catholic renaissance in France. He convinced Berulle that the enterprise he had conceived might lead to progress in medicine and in the useful arts generally, and therefore would be of enormous practical benefit to mankind. Berulle strongly counseled him to devote all his energies to the enterprise and to make it possible for others to join him in his work (Moyal, 2001). The conversation evidently had a decisive impact on Descartes. Imbued with a vivid sense of the urgency of his responsibility, he resolved to improve his conditions of work and to commit himself wholeheartedly to achieving the results that he believed his method made possible. It was at about this time that he decided to leave France for the Netherlands, where the climate was cooler and where he would not be subject to the distractions of French life. C. Move to the Netherlands Descartes settled in the Netherlands in 1628 and, except for a few rather brief visits of France, remained there until 1649. By 1633, he had completed a major work, entitled The World (Le Monde), in which presented parts of his system of physics and the results of his research in physiology and in embryology. The book was about to be published when he learned that the Roman Catholic Church had just condemned Galileo for espousing the Copernican theory of the solar system. Because the astronomical theory developed in The World was also Copernican, Descartes suppressed the book, and it did not appear until many years after his death (Kenny, 2004). In 1637, Descartes published anonymously three essays (Essais) reporting the results of his work in geometry, in optics, and in meteorology, prefaced by a lengthy Discourse on Method (Discours de la methode). Although most learned writing at that time was in Latin, Descartes wrote the Discourse and the essays in French. He hoped they would be read not only by scholars but by intelligent men generally and even by women; his intention was to go over the heads of the scholarly community to people who had no vested interest in the traditional doctrines he was eager to supplant. The Discourse is written for the most part with great lucidity and charm, and it is widely regarded as one of the classics of French literature. It contains an intellectual autobiography, sketches of Descartes method and metaphysics, examinations of certain scientific questions (including an account of Harveys discovery of the circulation of the blood, which Descartes was among the first to appreciate and to publicize), and a discussion of the conditions and prospects of further progress in the sciences. Despite its title, it does not provide a detailed account of his method. In 1628, before he left France, Descartes has begun to write, in Latin, a treatise on method called Rules for the Direction of the Mind (Regulae ad directionem ingenii). It was his only substantial work on methodology, but he did not complete it and his manuscript was not published until 1701, more than 50 years after his death (Dicker, 1993). In 1641, Descartes published in Latin his most important book on metaphysics, Meditations Concerning Primary Philosophy (Meditationes de prima philosophia), in which he attempted to establish the framework of concepts and the basic assumptions that he believed the progress of science required. He dedicated the meditations to the theological authorities in France. III. Discussion A. Doctrines By the end of the 16th century, the coherence and authority of the primarily Aristotelian intellectual culture of the late Middle Ages (not to mention its social, political, and religious institutions) had been decisively undermined. But no equally comprehensive alternative view of the world, and of mans place and role in it, had yet been satisfactorily established. For many of the most sensitive and conscientious intellectuals of the period the result was a deep sense of uncertainty (most notably expressed by Montaigne) to abandon active life and to withdraw into oneself (Dicker, 1993). Descartes reinvigorated the philosophical thought of his time by transforming its skepticism and emphasis on self from expressions of despair into creative instruments contributing to intellectual progress. a.) Method Descartes regarded the syllogisms of Aristotelian logic as worthless for the purposes of inquiry. He found them suitable for displaying in a convincing manner the evidence for conclusions that had already been established, but of no value whatever in the effort to make fresh discoveries. On the other hand, he believed that his own method was a powerful means of acquiring new truths. This method was essentially rationalistic. It involved, first, identifying by conceptual analysis the simple elements to which all more complex objects of thought may be reduced, and second, synthesizing an understanding of the structure of reality by perceiving the necessary relationships in which these elements must stand to one another (Dicker, 1993). His initial moves in applying this method were to press uncertainty to its ultimate limit by subjecting to the most uncompromising criticism the evidence on which his accustomed beliefs rested, and to suspend every opinion, however plausible, in which he found even the slightest rational basis for doubt (Kenny, 2004). This ruthless gambit had a double purpose. First, Descartes intended to regain complete control over his own mind by eliminating the preconceptions and prejudices he had acquired during the time when he was not yet capable of exercising his critical faculties autonomously. And, second, he hoped to uncover some preposition that would prove itself immune to even the most relentless skepticism and that could thus provide a firm foundation for the reconstruction of his system of beliefs (Kenny, 2004). His plan was to proceed from this proposition, once he had found it, by steps so cautious and well-defined that there would be no risk of error or of misunderstanding. In pursuing this strategy, Descartes consciously imitated what he took to be the method of mathematics, whose peculiar lucidity and certainty he wished to introduce into the other branches of learning with which he was concerned. b.) Senses and Reason Descartes methodological skepticism led him first to a suspension of all beliefs based on the evidence of the senses. Sensory evidence is never in itself conclusive, he argued, since it is always possible (so far as can be determined by the senses) that a person is dreaming or that a supernatural power has arranged for him to be deceived. But while Descartes therefore provisionally regarded the existence and character of physical objects (including his own body) as uncertain, like Montaigne he found the reality of his mind uniquely secure against all doubts (Cottingham, 2002). However determined his skepticism, he could not doubt that he was doubting; this preposition was confirmed by the very effort to refute it. In what is surely the most famous statement in philosophical literatureI think; therefore I am (cogito ergo sum)he expressed the unimpeachable certainty of his own existence as a thinking being and identified the point from which his efforts to reconstruct his beliefs could confidently proceed (Moyal, 2001). IV. Conclusion In conclusion, Descartes last book was Treatise on the passions (Les passions de lame, 1649), in which he dealt mainly with psychology, ethics, and the relation between mind and body. IN 1649, he went to Stockholm at the invitation of Queen Christina of Sweden, who wished him to teach her philosophy and to establish an institute for the advancement of science. When his friend Chanut, the French ambassador in Stockholm, became ill with pneumonia, Descartes helped to care for him and contracted the disease himself (Cottingham, 2002). Descartes died in Stockholm on February 11, 1650, and was buried in Sweden. In 1666, his remains were taken to Paris and buried in the Church of Ste. Genevieve du Mont; in 1819, they were moved to the Church of ST. Germain des Pres, except for his skull, which is in the Musee de lHomme. Reference: Cottingham, John, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Descartes. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Standard handbook, with good guide to further reading. Dicker, Georges. Descartes: an Analytical and Historical Introduction. Oxford University Press, 1993. Rather more substantial than title suggests. Kenny, Anthony. Descartes, a Study of his Philosophy. 2004. New York: Random House; New York; London: Garland, 1999. Another classic study, by a leading British philosopher. Moyal, George D., ed. Ren Descartes: Critical Assessments. 7 v. London: Routledge, 2001. Comprehensive collection.

Color Imagery in Ethan Frome essays

Color Imagery in Ethan Frome essays Color plays an important part in the novel Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton. There are many examples where you can tell by the imagery what mood the author is trying to convey. One example is in the first chapter when Ethan knows to look for Mattie by searching for her red scarf (Wharton 14). The color is cheery and vibrant, characteristics that embody Mattie. Also, in Chapter 2, Matties cheeks are very red, unlike the dismal-looking Zeena. When Mattie ties the red ribbon in her hair, Ethan is more attracted to her and it emphasizes her pretty features (Wharton 37-39). When Mattie and Ethan are eating dinner alone together in Chapter 6, the cat accidentally breaks the red pickle dish. He comforts Mattie and commands her to finish supper thinking, he had never known such a thrilling sense of mastery (Wharton 36). This parallels to the breaking of Ethan and Zeenas relationship and marriage. Later in the novella, Ethan remembers the picnic by the lake and tells Mattie she was as pretty as a picture in [her] pink hat (Wharton 66). She responds by laughing with pleasure. When they are riding together, Ethan ha[s] the illusion that he [is] a free man, wooing the girl his [is] meant to marry (Wharton 66). This is the first time that they acknowledge their love for one another and their desire to be with one another. As they drive away in silence, the sun sinks behind the hills and the landscape turns from a deep red to grey. That Mattie is always associated with the color red shows that she is a fiery, bubbly, and emotional person, unlike Zeena, who is usually dreary and dull. ...

How to Use College Scorecard Find the Right School for You

How to Use College Scorecard Find the Right School for You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Figuring out which colleges to apply to and selecting a college to attend can feel overwhelming. How do you narrow down your college search from the thousands of college options? How do you figure out if a school is preparing its students for future success? How do you determine whether a college is worth its cost? College Scorecard is a website developed by the government to help you answer these questions. It provides extensive information on colleges to help you evaluate them and aid you in your college search. In this article, I'll do the following: Explain College Scorecard Detail its uses and the information it provides Explainthe benefits and drawbacks of the website Let you know how you should be using the scorecard What Is College Scorecard? College Scorecard is an interactive website launched by the US Department of Education in September of 2015. President Obama claimed that colleges had been effectively raising costs and focusing on things like alumni outreach to game ranking lists like those of US News, but they were ignoring student outcomes. College Scorecard was created to provide detailed information to help consumers of college education determine the value and effectiveness of different colleges. Specifically, the site focuses on providing financial information to help you compare colleges' costs and the earnings of their graduates. This information is seen by the government as a more accurate way to assess the quality of colleges, and you can use this information to help determine which colleges will potentially provide you with the best return on your investment. In terms of how you use it, the scorecard is very similar to other college finders on the internet. You're able to narrow your college search by selecting various search options, and each school profile will provide data like the school's graduation rate, freshman retention rate, and standardized test scores. The primary benefit of using College Scorecard compared to other finders is the financial information that it offers. For example, you can determine the median salary of students from different colleges 10 years after they graduate, and you can get a rough estimate of how much you would have to pay for a certain school after receiving financial aid. How Does College Scorecard Work? You can use the College Scorecardwebsite to look for colleges that match your interests, or you can look up a specific school to check its profile and review the available statistics. I’ll walk you through how to use thescorecard as a college finder, and then I’ll explain the information on the school profiles. Step 1: Click on the addition signs next to each category to select filters to narrow your college search. Select the qualities that you want in your dream college. You may not find the specific major you’re interested in under the â€Å"programs/degrees† category because the options are more general, but select the subject area your major of interest would fall under. Step 2: Once you’ve completed selecting your filters, click â€Å"find schools.† Step 3: You can sort your search results by "% earning above HS grad," "average annual cost," "graduation rate," "salary after attending," "name (A to Z)," or "size (small to large)." Step 4: Your search results will show you basic info, and, for the schools you’re interested in, you can click â€Å"view more details.† Step 5: Look at the full profiles of any schools that interest you. The full profiles provide information about the student body demographics, costs, financial aid and debt, graduation and retention rates, earnings after school, standardized test scores, and academic programs. Step 6: For any schools that still interest you after looking at their profile, make a note of the school name and do more extensive researchonthat school to help determine if you want to apply to that school. Step 7: After you apply to schools and get your acceptances, you can use College Scorecard to compare your college options and get assistance in choosing a college. College Scorecard can help you decide your college path. Benefitsof College Scorecard The best part about the scorecard is the detailed information related to money. For example, you can get information about the average annual cost for colleges, which is the net price for students who receive financial aid. Also, you can calculate what your net price would be for a given school, and you can see what students from different income brackets have to pay on average. Here’s information for Northwestern University: Northwestern's average annual cost is $28,544, which is above the national average of $16,574. You can also see its average cost for each income bracket. Families that make $0-$30,000 pay an average of $15,841 annually, and families that make more than $0,000 pay $41,946. Also, you get information about the amount of debt students graduate with and how well graduates of the school are doing compared to those from other schools at paying back their loans. At Northwestern, 96% of students pay down their debt. The percentage of students paying down their debt is the number of students who have repaid at least $1 on the principal balance of their federal loans within three years of leaving school. Also, students from Northwestern leave school having to pay an average of $213 per month to repay their loans in 10 years at a 6% interest rate. From the costs and debt information, combined with the median salary for graduates, you can get an idea of the return on investment for different schools and determine which schools are more worth what you have to pay. Drawbacksof College Scorecard Like the Forbes ranking list, College Scorecard does focus on student outcomes, but that may not be the best way to evaluate colleges. The scorecard emphasizes the financial success of graduates, not the actual student experience. There’s no information about class sizes, professors, or extracurricular activities. The median salary for graduates tells you something about the quality of a college, but that figure can be misleading. Schools that have a higher proportion of engineering students may have higher median student earnings because engineering graduates usually make more money irrespective of where the engineering degree was earned. For example, Northwestern has a â€Å"salary after attending† of $64,100, while Illinois Institute of Technology has a â€Å"salary after attending† of $68,200. By most ranking lists and other objective statistics, Northwestern is considered the better school, but Illinois Tech focuses on engineering and technology. Perhaps a more worthwhile comparison to evaluate schools would be the salaries of liberal arts majors, since the earnings of those with STEM degrees don’t appear to be significantly influenced by the college they attended. Also, thescorecard offers far fewer search categories and less data than other college finders and websites. For example, college finders like Big Future and College View allow you to search for schools that have more focused majors. On College Scorecard, you can search for schools that offer engineering, but on Big Future, you can search for schools that offer aerospace engineering or chemical engineering. Similarly, other college finders let you search for schools that offer specific extracurricular activities, athletic teams, or support services. Those options aren't available on College Scorecard. Finally, because College Scorecard relies on federal data, some of its statistics are limited.The â€Å"typical student debt† figure given on College Scorecard only includes federal loans. It doesn’t include private loans or Parent PLUS loans. Because many students rely on private loans and PLUS loans to pay for school, the â€Å"typical student debt† is likely significantly lower than the actual median debt for undergraduates who borrow money to pay for their education. Other sites will give you more info. How Should You Use College Scorecard? The scorecard should be one of many resources you utilize to help with your college search. I recommend using this siteafter you've done some research on colleges and are looking for more specific financial information about costs and the earnings of graduates. Also, it's a good tool to use after you've been admitted to schools and aretrying to make your college decision. Keep in mind that, even though College Scorecard does offer worthwhile information, it won’t reveal what life is like on campus or whether a school would be a good fit for you. You should also use other college finders, search websites, ranking lists, and guidebooks in your college search. Additionally, you can go to college fairs or on college tours to become more acquainted with your college options. If you’re focused on the value of different colleges, look at a website like payscale.com,whichranks schools and majors by their return on investment. Finally, if possible, consult with teachers, counselors, parents, and alumni to help you select a college. What's Next? If you're just starting your college research, make sure you stay on task by familiarizing yourself with the complete college application timeline. Also, figure out where in the country you should go to college, and determine if you'd be more comfortable at an urban, rural, or suburban school. Finally, if cost is a concern for you, find out which colleges will meet 100% of your financial need. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Compliment Responses between Male and Female Essay

Compliment Responses between Male and Female - Essay Example This essay stresses that analysis of compliment response, which was in a contractive nature between the Kuiti speakers both the male and the female was used to identify the compliment response pattern between the three groups. The table below gives out a sample of the participation where S stands for situation, and then P stands for participation, R for rejection and lastly A for acceptance. Furthermore, the participants were assigned special numbers. Therefore, the numbers that accompanies this abbreviation represents their assigned codes. Also in the same way, the code might represent types of strategies at the level of micro representation and situations. This paper makes a conclusion that this research study demonstrated the compliment response strategies that both the male and Female Arabians usually use. It should be noted that the universal model portrayed in the study above concerning the compliment response is of positive outlook. This is because, different gender and origin portrays a different set of protocols. However, although not represented above, it should be noted that age is another important factor when it comes to response made to compliments. The finding in this research explains that the cross-linguistic compliment response patterns portray a different phenomenon at both the micro and macro levels. Notably, the three groups followed a certain preference order of rejection, evasion, and acceptance.